Does it cost less to send 1.123 than 1.123456 via remote events?

No. All lua numbers are sent as signed float64s with a one-byte overhead for their type, meaning they take 9 bytes in total to pass through a remote.
An int16, in comparison, is only 2 bytes, 3 including a byte overhead.

I made a plugin specifically to observe this kind of behavior, which you can use:

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