How would I visualize a raycast?

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Try this, I tried to use your variables so you can adapt it better to your code.

function CreateVisualRayPart()
	local part = Instance.new("Part", workspace)
	part.Anchored = true
	part.CanCollide = false
	part.Color = Color3.fromRGB(255,0,0)
	
	return part
end

local raycastParams = RaycastParams.new()
raycastParams.FilterDescendantsInstances = {player.Character}
raycastParams.FilterType = Enum.RaycastFilterType.Blacklist

local tip = script.Parent.Tip.Position
local direction = (mousePos - tip).Unit
local magnitude = 300
local visualize = true

local raycastResult = workspace:Raycast(tip, direction * magnitude, raycastParams)

if raycastResult then -- if the ray hit something
	if visualize then
		local rayPart = CreateVisualRayPart()
		rayPart.Size = Vector3.new(0, 0, (tip - raycastResult.Position).Magnitude)
		rayPart.CFrame = CFrame.new((tip + raycastResult.Position)/2, raycastResult.Position)
			-- this uses CFrame.new(startPosition, lookAt) format
				-- finding the middle point between two vectors is like using numbers
				-- to find the middle between 5 and 10, you add 5 + 10 and divide by how many numbers (2)
	end
	-- Rest of code
else -- if the ray didn't hit something
	if visualize then
		local rayPart = CreateVisualRayPart()
		local endPos = tip + (direction * magnitude)
		rayPart.Size = Vector3.new(0, 0, magnitude)
		rayPart.CFrame = CFrame.new((tip + endPos)/2, endPos)
	end
	-- Rest of code
end
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