Add custom functions to libraries?

Is there any way to add your own functions to libraries for example the table library?
example:

table.combine(t1, t2) -- Example of a custom function
table.insert(t, value) -- Example of an already existing function

Or do I just have to create module scripts for things like these?

You should use module scripts if you want to use table related functions from multiple scripts.
Though if you still want to modify the table library (or any default library), you can do something like this:

local tableLib = {} 
for key, value in table do 
   tableLib[key] = value 
end 

tableLib["testFunction"] = function(test: string) 
   print(test) 
end 

table = tableLib 

table.testFunction("hi") -- Prints "hi"