I was not able to find which one is automatic, so you’d probably have to test all of them to figure out which one is problematic
Though automatic is probably Direct3D11 (related to DirectX11) or Vulkan, so test those two first. I have no idea what metal is
To test your gpu, I’d say try to replicate the issue in other games. By knowing which rendering api is problematic, you can test games that support it to see if you run into issues on those as well. Though this doesn’t guarantee that it’s a faulty gpu, could still be software problems
On a laptop, yeah… If don’t have a gpu (instead you have an igpu, which is a cpu that has an integrated gpu, which is often the case with non gamer laptops), then faulty system memory (RAM, I am not talking about storage), can cause artifacts, though seeing the patterns, idk. If the RAM is faulty, then there is some chance you can replace that
On my pc, I got memory issues (I use an igpu), though it’s no caused by my RAM, I actually don’t know for sure what it is, and my pc is fine with 1 stick of RAM. But when I have my 2 sticks of ram, I sometimes gets random green or purple pixels, or even lines of messed up pixels, and my pc is less stable
Step 1, figure out which rendering api is problematic
Step 2, find a game that uses that rendering api, or that has settings to allow you to change it, and test that game
Step 3, if it happens on other games, um idk. Try reinstalling windows. If that doesn’t work, look up your warranty