I want to achieve a status effect system make it work on players, and NPCS.
E.X: take damage of 5 every 2 second for 10 second,
E.X 2: increased movement speed by 10 for 30 seconds
My issue is understanding how to track each humanoid and their status effects.
Im thinking about using a table to store each humanoid, but after that im just confused on how to add them, remove them, or track their status effects.
I highly recommend ECS. However, on a side note you could achieve the something with OOP as long as you use components, one module script only does one thing with a single responsibility principle.
Here are some code examples to illustrate
Entity creation of player with pure data
local npcEntity = world:Entity()
npcEntity :Set(HumanoidComponent(Instance.new("Humanoid")))
npcEntity:Set(PoisonComponent(5))
--You can add infinite amounts of components hence modular
npcEntity:Set(StunComponent(10))
npcEntity:Set(SpeedBuffComponent({value = 5, duration = 30}))
local entityDictionary = {}
entityDictionary[npcModel] = npcEntity --keep track of model --> entity
--hit detection -->part-->model-->dictionary --> Entity object
--remember to delete after model is destroyed, ancestor is set to nil should be good enough
System detects and tracks components, ex: status effect every frame doing poison damage, one module script called PoisonSystem.lua, easily find and track this system in charge of only doing one thing
local ReplicatedStorage = game:GetService("ReplicatedStorage")
local Components = require(script.Parent.Parent.Components)
local PoisonComponent = Components.PoisonComponent
local HealthComponent = Components.HealthComponent
local ECS = require(ReplicatedStorage.Shared.ECSFolder.ECS)
local World, System, Query, Component = ECS.World, ECS.System, ECS.Query, ECS.Component
--only thing that matters is if an entity is poisoned and has health
--transform is kinda equal to RunService heartbeat
local PoisonDamageSystem = System("transform", 1, Query.All(PoisonComponent, HealthComponent))
function PoisonDamageSystem:Update(Time)
for i, entity in self:Result():Iterator() do
local health = entity[HealthComponent].value
local poisonDamageRate = entity[PosionComponent].value
entity:Set(HealthComponent(health - poisonDamageRate*))
end
end
return PoisonDamageSystem
Another system is in charge of purely poison visual effects
local ReplicatedStorage = game:GetService("ReplicatedStorage")
local Components = require(script.Parent.Parent.Components)
local ECS = require(ReplicatedStorage.Shared.ECSFolder.ECS)
local World, System, Query, Component = ECS.World, ECS.System, ECS.Query, ECS.Component
local PoisonVisualEffects = System("transform", 1, Query.All(PoisonComponent, ModelComponent))
--When a new entity is created with a char model, and poisoned
function PoisonVisualEffects:OnEnter(Time, entity)
local model = entity[ModelComponent].value
--add particles to model
end
return PoisonVisualEffects
And you add drop on demand components.
npcEntity:Unset(PoisonComponent)
Hey there! Thanks for the answer, looks perfect for the thing im trying to do 
.
I do have a question though, where do i put the “Entity creation of player with pure data”? Is it supposed to be a normal script, or a module? I am not too good in understanding these kind of systems so please bear with me 
That’s up to you to decide, it could basically be anything hence why it’s difficult.
However usually you will have many models/instances/npcs, so I follow a factory approach with any model added through collection services being added with an entity.
This factory is located in a single starter player script at the moment.
local vehicleEntityFactory = world:Entity()
local function setupVehicleEntity(vehicleEntity, modelInstance)
vehicleEntity:Set(ModelComponent(modelInstance))
vehicleEntity:Set(VehicleSeatComponent())
vehicleEntity:Set(WorldComponent(world))
-- vehicleEntity:Set(HealthComponent())
end
vehicleEntityFactory:Set(CollectionServiceTagComponent({"Vehicle", setupVehicleEntity}))
vehicleEntityFactory:Set(WorldComponent(world))
local CollectionService = game:GetService("CollectionService")
local ReplicatedStorage = game:GetService("ReplicatedStorage")
local ECS = _G.ECS
local Components = require(script.Parent.Parent.Components)
local CollectionServiceTagComponent = Components.CollectionServiceTagComponent
local WorldComponent = Components.WorldComponent
local World, System, Query, Component = ECS.World, ECS.System, ECS.Query,
ECS.Component
local CollectionClassSystem = System("transform", 10, Query.All(
CollectionServiceTagComponent,
WorldComponent))
local function createAndSetupEntity(world, setupEntityFunction, instance)
local entity = world:Entity()
setupEntityFunction(entity, instance)
return entity
end
local function setupCollectionClassInstance(tag, setupEntityFunction, world)
local entities = {}
CollectionService:GetInstanceAddedSignal(tag):Connect(function(instance)
entities[instance] = createAndSetupEntity(world, setupEntityFunction, instance)
end)
local instances = CollectionService:GetTagged(tag)
for _, instance in pairs(instances) do
entities[instance] = createAndSetupEntity(world, setupEntityFunction, instance)
end
CollectionService:GetInstanceRemovedSignal(tag):Connect(function(instance)
local entity = entities[instance]
world:Remove(entity)
end)
end
function CollectionClassSystem:OnEnter(Time, entity)
local csData = entity[CollectionServiceTagComponent]
local world = entity[WorldComponent].value
local tag = csData.Tag
local components = csData.Components
setupCollectionClassInstance(tag, components, world)
return true
end
return CollectionClassSystem
Here is an example that allows you to apply status effects any time you apply a tag to a Humanoid that matches a dictionary in StatusEffectsList. You can reference the Humanoid’s specific table in Humanoids to track which statuses are currently running. This is quite a bit more basic than using a module system like ECS.
This example uses a debounce as to not apply multiple of the same status effect at the same time. If you want stacking status effects, you’d have to remove the debounce and make the :GetInstanceRemovedSignal(i) call ProcessStatusEffects() with specifying the exact status effect that triggered the event instead of doing all available statuses.
local CollectionService = game:GetService("CollectionService")
local HumanCount = 0
local Humanoids = {} --Format: ["Human1"] = {Humanoid Instance, {StatusEffectsTable}}
local StatusEffectsList = {
["Poison"] = {
["TickTime"] = 2,
["Damage"] = 5,
["Length"] = 10,
["Processing"] = false, --Debounce
},
["MovementPenalty"] = {
["IncreaseIncrement"] = -10,
["Length"] = 10,
["Processing"] = false, --Debounce
},
["MovementBoost"] = {
["IncreaseIncrement"] = 10,
["Length"] = 10,
["Processing"] = false, --Debounce
},
}
function UpdateHumanTable(Human) --Puts the Human into the Humanoid table with the corresponding Status Effects. Returns the table.
if Human then
if Human:IsA("Humanoid") then
--Dupe check
local ExistingHumanTable = nil
if Human:GetAttribute("IndexName") then
ExistingHumanTable = Humanoids[Human:GetAttribute("IndexName")]
end
for i,v in pairs (Humanoids) do
if table.find(v,Human) then --Makes sure the Humanoid isn't already in one of the subtables in case the attribute check fails for some reason.
ExistingHumanTable = v
end
end
--Dupe check
if ExistingHumanTable == nil then --Create a table if there isn't one already.
HumanCount += 1
local IndexName = "Human" ..tostring(HumanCount)
Human:SetAttribute("IndexName", IndexName) --Add an attribute so we know that it's already in the table so it can find it during the dupe check.
local FetchedEffects = {}
for i,v in ipairs (CollectionService:GetTags(Human)) do
if StatusEffectsList[v] then
FetchedEffects[v] = StatusEffectsList[v] --Inserts the StatusEffects into the temporary table which will go into the specific Humanoid table
end
end
Humanoids[IndexName] = {Human, FetchedEffects}
return Humanoids[IndexName]
else --Update an existing table
for i,v in pairs (CollectionService:GetTags(Human)) do
if StatusEffectsList[v] then
if not ExistingHumanTable[2][v] then --If there already isn't an effect in the table,
ExistingHumanTable[2][v] = StatusEffectsList[v] --Inserts the StatusEffects into the pre-existing table specific to the Humanoid
end
end
end
for i,v in pairs (ExistingHumanTable[2]) do
if not table.find(CollectionService:GetTags(Human),i) then --If the player does not have a specific status effect tag,
v = nil --Removes the status from the table
end
end
return ExistingHumanTable
end
end
end
end
function TagHuman(Human, Tags)
if Human then
if typeof(Tags) == "table" then
for i,v in ipairs (Tags) do
if typeof(v) == "string" then
CollectionService:AddTag(Human,v)
end
end
elseif typeof(Tags) == "string" then
CollectionService:AddTag(Human,Tags)
end
end
end
function UntagHuman(Human, Tags)
if Human then
if typeof(Tags) == "table" then
for i,v in ipairs (Tags) do
if typeof(v) == "string" then
CollectionService:RemoveTag(Human,v)
end
end
elseif typeof(Tags) == "string" then
CollectionService:RemoveTag(Human,Tags)
end
end
end
function ProcessStatusEffects(HumanTable) --HumanTable Format: {Humanoid Instance, {StatusEffectsTable}}
if typeof(HumanTable) == "table" then
local HumanoidInstance = HumanTable[1]
local StatusEffects = HumanTable[2]
if not HumanoidInstance or typeof(StatusEffects) ~= "table" then warn("Humanoid/Status Effects missing") return end
for i,v in pairs (StatusEffects) do
if typeof(v) == "table" then
if v["Processing"] == false or v["Processing"] == nil then --Checks the debounce
v["Processing"] = true --Sets the debounce
if i == "Poison" then --Apply the effects here by checking the type of status effect (i).
local TimeRan = 0
local MaxTime = v["Length"]
task.spawn(function()
while TimeRan < MaxTime do
TimeRan +=1
task.wait(1)
end
end)
while v do
if TimeRan < MaxTime then
if HumanoidInstance then
HumanoidInstance.Health -= v["Damage"]
print("Damaging humanoid...")
end
else
break
end
task.wait(v["TickTime"])
end
UntagHuman(HumanoidInstance, i)
elseif i == "MovementPenalty" or i == "MovementBoost" then
HumanoidInstance.WalkSpeed += v["IncreaseIncrement"]
print("Humanoid's speed adjusted!")
wait (v["Length"])
if HumanoidInstance then
HumanoidInstance.WalkSpeed -= v["IncreaseIncrement"]
end
print("Humanoid speed back to normal.")
UntagHuman(HumanoidInstance, i)
end
end
end
end
else
warn("Missing or improperly formatted humanoid table.")
end
end
for i,v in pairs (StatusEffectsList) do
CollectionService:GetInstanceAddedSignal(i):Connect(function(Object)
if Object:IsA("Humanoid") then
local FetchedHumanTable = UpdateHumanTable(Object)
task.spawn(function()
ProcessStatusEffects(FetchedHumanTable)
end)
end
end)
CollectionService:GetInstanceRemovedSignal(i):Connect(function(Object)
if Object:IsA("Humanoid") then
local FetchedHumanTable = UpdateHumanTable(Object)
task.spawn(function()
ProcessStatusEffects(FetchedHumanTable)
end)
end
end)
end
--Now you just need to tag a humanoid whenever you want to apply a status effect. You can use the TagHuman function from above or the CollectionService:AddTag() function which achieves the same thing.
local TestHuman = game.Workspace.Robloxian.Humanoid
wait(1)
TagHuman(TestHuman,{"Poison", "MovementPenalty"}) --Will apply poison damage every 2 seconds for a total length of 10 seconds and a movement status effect that decreases walk speed.
wait(1)
TagHuman(TestHuman, "Poison") --This won't do anything since there's a debounce in place.
When making a System for the client and server. Do I have to make a world for both the client and Server? Additionally, do I have to load the systems in their respective worlds separately?
Yes they both each have a world client and server.
Yes as some of it is shared, some of it is not.
For example damage system should be on server and not the client. In the end it is up to you.